Selecting Steam Traps - Process Equipment

Evaporators, calandrias and reboilers

Evaporators vary widely in design and use, but essentially include some form of heat exchanger to heat a process fluid. The steam heater is usually of the horizontal tube type shown in Figure 11.9.8.
Vertical tubes are also used, and these are often arranged in a calandria or a tube basket, with steam outside the tubes. Calandrias may be within the evaporator body, or an external heater or a reboiler may be used. Similar considerations apply in all these cases.
The condensing rate may be higher at &#;start-up&#; than when boiling, but a good heat transfer rate is vital at all times. The trap must operate equally well on heavy or light loads and air must be freely discharged.
The float-thermostatic trap is the best choice, and should be fitted close to the condensate drain point. If this is not possible, use the float-thermostatic trap with steam lock release, plus, if necessary, an external air vent in a bypass.
The inverted bucket trap is an alternative when steam pressures are very high, or extreme waterhammer is present. An air vent bypass is always necessary with this arrangement.
With some heaters, output can be improved by additional air venting. The draining and air venting of multi-stage evaporators can be complicated by the fact that one or more stages may operate under vacuum, and special arrangements must be made utilising automatic pump-traps. The condensate may also be corrosive. Always seek expert advice on draining this equipment.

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