As aluminium surges in China, so do carbon emissions - Ember

Closing the dirtiest subcritical captive coal

Urgent actions required for closing the dirtiest subcritical captive coal capacity in China&#;s aluminium sector.

Achieving China&#;s carbon neutrality pledge would require urgent actions to be undertaken to phase out the dirtiest subcritical coal capacity, including those built to make aluminium in the country. According to IEA&#;s World Energy Outlook report, all subcritical coal power plants need to be phased out by , in order to put the world on a pathway to net-zero emissions by the mid-century.

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Some actions have already been taken to cut emissions in China&#;s two largest emitting sectors &#; energy and steel &#; in response to its carbon neutrality pledge set out last year. In the energy sector, PetroChina, the country&#;s largest oil and gas supplier, has recently announced its plan to become net-zero emissions by . State Power Investment Corp (SPIC), one of the top five power producers in China, has recently committed to peak its carbon emissions by &#; 7 years ahead of the national carbon peak pledge. Similarly, in the steel sector, Baowu Steel Group,  the world&#;s second largest steel maker, has targeted to become carbon neutrality by , through increased use of renewable energy (e.g., wind, solar, and clean hydrogen) in production, as well as efficiency improvement.

Similar actions have, however, not yet been observed in the aluminium sector, despite efforts made by some aluminium producers (e.g., Chalco) to relocate their production capacity to Southwest provinces, to take advantage of the cheap hydro electricity there. Even with the closure of 2.5 GW of subcritical captive coal capacity used in Shandong&#;s aluminium sector, announced recently by the provincial government, China still has over 44 GW of subcritical captive used for aluminium production that needs to be phased out, in order to prepare the sector for a low-carbon future.

According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), China's primary aluminium production in July hit a more than two-decade high, with producers ramping up operations, particularly in Yunnan.

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China, the world's biggest aluminium producing country, churned out 3.68 million tonnes of primary aluminium, a 6 per cent increase year-on-year and the highest monthly output since at least .

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The continued increase in the monthly production of primary aluminium in China could be attributed to new projects coming online in the northern region of Inner Mongolia in late Q2 , while smelters in other regions maintain strong production due to market profitability.

Data from a Beijing-based aluminium consultancy, ALD, showed that the industry's average profit in June stood at about RMB 4,000 per tonne ($558.78/t), the highest since the beginning of .

"The better-than-expected profits prompted smelters to produce," said Su Yanbo, an aluminium analyst at ALD.

According to NBS data, China's daily output averaged 118,710 tonnes in July, down by 122,333 tonnes in June.

In the first seven months of , China's primary aluminium output totalled 25.19 million tonnes of aluminium, registering a 6.7 per cent increase from a year earlier.

The consultancy firm expects the aluminium industry's profitability to remain stable, driving up metal output in the coming months.

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