Efficient Electric Steam Generator Technology, Decarbonized

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What is saturated steam? When water molecules exist in a gaseous state at a temperature above the boiling temperature of the water, it is called the superheated steam state. The boiling temperature depends on the pressure (e.g., 100°C for 1 atmosphere, 134°C for 3 atmospheres, and so on). Steam only at the boiling temperature is called saturated steam. 

What is the difference between saturated steam and superheated steam? Saturated steam is always steam at the boiling point, whereas superheated steam is at a higher temperature than the boiling point (at that pressure). The main difference between saturated and superheated steam is that saturated steam is at a two-phase (liquid and gas) equilibrium temperature. So it could contain water droplets,  whereas the higher-temperature superheated steam is a high enthalpy gas (called high-quality steam as there are no water droplets). Superheated steam has a higher work potential compared to saturated steam. Work potential enables mechanical work and chemical reactions. On the other hand, Saturated steam is often classified as low-quality steam.

What is high-temperature superheated steam? Steam above the boiling point at any pressure is broadly classified as high-temperature superheated steam*. The temperature should be at least a few degrees centigrade above the boiling point to be classified as superheated steam. However, for many modern steam applications, the steam temperature has to be much higher than the boiling temperature (well into the superheated steam temperature range).

How is highly superheated steam made? Hot steam is made with rapid steam generators like the OAB® and HGA. Unlike traditional boiler technology for a high steam temperature, current steam generators avoid high pressures. The temperature for most combinatoric-steam applications should be higher than the inversion temperature (typically above 200°C) for reaping the benefits of superheated-steam-enhanced processes like drying, bio-energy production, high-level microbial and viral cleaning, energy production, antimicrobial, bio-digestion, chemical reactions, fuel production, syn-gas, methane reduction, and many others.   A new area of research is the combinatory steam area for energy reduction. * MHI definition is invoked. The temperature of good superheated steam is above any inversion temperature and much higher than the equilibrium saturation temperature. The equilibrium saturation temperature is the temperature (at a given pressure) where water or water droplets can coexist with steam-gas, i.e.,  the boiling point. Saturation temperatures depend on pressure, e.g., ~100°C at 1 Bar or 121°C at 2 Bar, etc. Instant high quality-clean steam with high temperatures ranging from 300°C to °C is now readily available for steam applications. Such applications are multiplying. OAB®  and 4DSintering® are registered MHI Trademarks.

In contrast to conventional pressure boilers, steam generators produce steam quickly on start-up, produce high-quality steam, and have fewer restrictions for piping. Where is high-temperature steam typically used? Fuel Production,  Antimicrobial Use, Comfort Humidity Addition, Oxidation and Erosion Studies, Food Industry, Packaging, Chemicals, Cleaning, and Materials. Bio-processes, Energy, Hydrolysis, Process Heating, Flavors, Drying, Textiles, and even the Simulation of Martian Atmospheres (Nature, December ). Several more applications are listed here.

What is the inversion temperature of steam? The inversion temperature is most commonly known as the temperature at which the evaporation rates into pure superheated steam and completely dry air are equal. Typically ~200°C with some dependence on the surface.   The inversion temperature is the temperature for rapid antimicrobial action and rapid ceramics drying.

Multipliers to process efficiencies. High-grade, high-quality superheated steam offers a good multiplier to process efficiencies &#; i.e., it is SmartSteam&#;. Several US and International Patents protect MHI steam generators. The temperature of the MHI steam models reflects the actual steam temperature. The savings efficiencies reported are from an On to Off condition (in contrast, please note that several boiler efficiencies are reported only at a steady state)&#;no requirement to heat any tubes or nozzles to produce steam. 

Resources:  Steam Energy Calculator. Videos and Media Gallery.

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Sustainability: Superheated steam enhances sustainability by reducing climate risk, accelerating energy transitions, increasing food security, and advancing health outcomes.

What superheated steam is not? It is not mist nor fog. Mist and fog have water droplets in the gas, thus the name fog. View the comparison pictures of the difference between mist/fog-steam and a high-temperature steam gas, even when produced such that the nozzle area has no mist. In the picture, please note that MHI steam generators produce mist-free gas.

Why are these devices only possible from MHI? MHI uses patented nano-structured surfaces and other novel materials that have only recently become commercially available for active steam use. MHI engineers have combined decades of thermal know-how and recent patented technologies with well-accepted/reliable MHI control systems for high-power and high-temperature steam delivery. It is a part of MHI&#;s overall development strategy for intelligent power in modern thermal applications. Substantial energy savings result from OAB® steam use compared to combustion heating of boilers.

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For many facilities, steam is critical to keep processes and procedures operating within normal parameters and expectations. With this in mind, choosing a steam generation system that offers high reliability and exceptional safety while reducing energy costs and maximizing operational efficiency is essential.

1. No Pressure-Vessel Certifications are generally required for Atmospheric High-Temperature Steam (depending on location).
2. Very high-velocity exit steam flows. Unique Applications.
3. Always Stainless Steel. Unlimited capacity continuous steam generators. Heat up within seconds. Very Low to No moisture. High-quality SmartSteam&#;.
4. Steam generators offer improved safety over boilers and autoclaves. (See, e.g., reported rupture problems with pressure vessel type autoclaves/boilers). One can search for similar expressions in search engines.
5. Please contact MHI.

1. On-Off: Rapid steam production (almost instantaneous) with no moisture. Comparisons with Boilers
2. Very Low to No Moisture, even during start-up in the OAB or GHGA. MHI BoilerFree&#; Technology allows for continuous superheated steam generation, unlike a boiler that fills a steam chamber and discharges the steam in batch mode.
3. Energy efficiency is reported from socket to output. Nearly 90-99% Outlet to Output Efficiency may be experienced.
4. Zero Combustion or No High-Frequency Processes. No High-Frequency Disruption, Zero Device NOX Emissions, and No Ventilation Needed for combustion gasses. Steam velocity at exit is greater than 50m/s&#;more Information. 
5. Offers multiple hot exit choices&#;more Information.
6. New Steam-Air mixtures. Typical Specifications for  HGA-M-01

Try to explain about the steam generator (boiler), it has three parts. Part 1 cover the types, part 2 about its parts & auxiliaries & accessories and part 3 about performance.

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