Everything you should know about storing liquefied natural ...
Everything you should know about storing liquefied natural ...
Liquefied natural gas is anticipated to become an essential energy source in the upcoming decades. Its considerable benefits (as the cleanest fossil fuel, its abundance, and its ability to support renewable energy sources) are transforming the energy market by providing energy during peak demand periods on a global scale.
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Understand precisely what LNG is, the various applications of this liquefied gas, and the most suitable type of LNG tank for its storage.
Defining LNG: What is Liquefied Natural Gas?
Liquefied natural gas (or LNG) refers to natural gas that has been cooled to a liquid form for easier storage and transportation.
When natural gas is cooled to around -260 degrees Fahrenheit via a liquefaction process involving cryogenic heat exchangers, it shrinks to 600 times smaller than its gaseous form. This property enhances its manageability and is a significant advantage.
Although the liquefaction process was pioneered in the 19th century, the modern applications of liquefied natural gas have propelled its importance. This process makes it viable to transport LNG over long distances (for instance, from the United States to South Korea) without the use of gas pipelines, making it a feasible option for areas lacking pipeline infrastructure.
Interest in LNG has surged over recent years, with ongoing increases anticipated. For example, U.S. LNG exports rose significantly in the first half of [insert year], showcasing an increase of 42%, or 2.8 Bcf/d, compared to the same timeframe in [insert previous year] (data from the U.S. Department of Energy’s LNG Monthly).
The key advantages of liquefied natural gas include:
- Abundant resources on a global scale compared to other fossil fuels.
- The ability to efficiently distribute and store LNG, allowing for easy access during changing demand patterns.
- A more environmentally friendly option, characterized by cleaner combustion compared to other fossil fuel alternatives.
Primary Applications of Liquefied Natural Gas
The predominant function of liquefied natural gas is its ability to serve as a reliable energy source.
Key energy supply scenarios include:
- Home heating: LNG effectively addresses peak consumer demand during extreme weather conditions.
- The industrial sector: utilizes LNG as fuel to produce various goods, including electronic devices, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and plastics, among others.
- The transportation sector: is increasingly recognizing LNG as an alternative fuel to gasoline and diesel.
The Process of Storing Liquefied Natural Gas
LNG is a transparent and non-corrosive liquid, lighter than water, primarily comprising methane (at least 85%). Its unique properties must be considered when determining storage solutions.
Types of Containers and Their Properties
To store liquefied natural gas, an appropriate LNG tank employing cryogenic technology is essential to ensure optimal and safe containment of LNG until it is required.
These storage systems typically consist of above-ground, low-pressure tanks (under 10 kilopascals), featuring double walls for increased safety, along with a vacuum layer that enables thermal insulation to maintain the necessary low temperatures. Consequently, minimal heat infiltrates the system, which needs to be eliminated periodically.
Conventionally, the capacity of an LNG tank varies between 1,000 to 30,000 m³. Larger tanks usually adopt a cylindrical shape with a domed roof, while smaller versions can be either horizontally or vertically positioned, with pressure ranging from less than 50 kPa to over 1,700 kPa (7.3 - 246.6 psi).
Modern designs often utilize additional high-nickel steel walls or concrete outer tanks for enhanced safety measures.
The Role of Cryospain in LNG Storage
Cryospain specializes in offering technical know-how and expertise to develop and customize flat-bottom cryogenic tanks specifically for LNG storage.
Our gas storage tanks are constructed with double-wall steel frameworks and utilize advanced insulating materials (cellular glass, expanded perlite, rockwool, etc.).
All cryogenic storage apparatus produced by us conforms to international quality and safety certifications. Our guidelines include:
- Mechanical and seismic design: API620, API650, ASME and EN, EN, EUROCODE
- External access compliance: EN ISO-1/3 and OSHA .23/24
- Adherence to various regulations, including EIGA/CGA/127/13/E and NFPA 59A
In relation to liquefied natural gas, a recent success story in Santa Cruz de la Sierra (Bolivia) emphasizes our reputation as reliable partners.
This venture was not only extremely challenging on various fronts but immensely rewarding in terms of the advantages it provided to the local community.
The Flat-Bottom Cryogenic Tank serves as a solution for storing LNG. This installation type is referred to as a “virtual pipeline,” which involves liquefying natural gas for distribution in regions where establishing a pipeline infrastructure is impractical.
The challenges during this project included the site's remote location: deep in the jungle, high in the mountains, distant from urban centers, and difficult to access. Recruitment of skilled labor in the vicinity was another obstacle. Additionally, constructing a base camp in a jungle setting, where heat and rain were constant issues, proved challenging.
Transport logistics posed significant hurdles as well. Components needed to be shipped together, resulting in over 25 containers being loaded onto a single vessel. Furthermore, Bolivia lacks a port, necessitating two customs processes—first in Bolivia, followed by another upon entry into neighboring Chile. Navigating the transportation routes to the site was complicated due to the challenging terrain.
However, this project ultimately succeeded, providing natural gas access to numerous residents who transitioned from heavy hydrocarbons (fuel oil, diesel) to natural gas.
This challenging initiative successfully produced outcomes beneficial for both our clients and the environment.
Interested in discovering more about LNG and its storage capabilities? Explore our Reference list for cryogenic tanks.
LNG ISO Tank: Comprehensive Guide to Types & Sizes [+ Best Pricing]
LNG ISO tanks are specialized for the transportation of gases. Are you searching for an LNG ISO tank? Browse through the complete overview of their features and specifications, along with average pricing across various types.
As global trade demand escalates, the necessity for high-quality, dependable transportation modes increases. To meet liquefied natural gas transportation requirements worldwide, the LNG ISO tank presents multiple customizable features.
In numerous nations, LNG ISO tanks are employed to optimize energy supply chains and procure liquefied natural gas (LNG) for urban centers and remote locations alike. LNG containers serve as effective solutions to the logistics of LNG supply.
One prevalent point of confusion in the shipping industry pertains to the 40ft LNG ISO tank and ISO VAC 40 LNG—are they identical or do they serve different functions?
To clarify, although referred to by different names, the 40ft LNG ISO Tank and ISO VAC 40 LNG refer to equivalent items.
If you’re ready to acquire or lease an LNG ISO tank, feel free to click the banner below for the best available rates in your chosen location.
For those interested in learning further about the specifics of these specialized tanks, let’s dig deeply into the LNG ISO Tank’s characteristics.
Understanding LNG ISO TanksEssentially, an ISO Tank is a container constructed according to ISO standards (International Organization for Standardization) and utilized for transporting various liquids and gases. More specifically, LNG ISO tanks are optimized for efficiently carrying liquefied natural gas (LNG) in bulk.
The construction of these tanks utilizes stainless steel and incorporates multi-layered vacuum-insulated pressure tanks, reinforced by double-walled transport tanks. This design enables them to maintain LNG at -162°C (-260°F). The maximum pressure level of an LNG ISO tank is up to 0.690 MPa.
Each LNG ISO tank comprises two containers: an inner tank housing the LNG and an outer tank lined with insulation materials. Full containment tanks are prevalent and vary in size according to their intended functions. Utilizing ISO tanks to transport LNG is an innovative solution as opposed to traditional natural gas distribution methods.
In addition, LNG ISO tank containers are versatile for moving liquids, gases, and powders, designed in accordance with ISO standards, allowing for seamless multimodal transportation.
LNG tanks usually consist of 4 to 6 tanks situated in a row down the center. The vessel features a double-hull design, encased by separate ballast tanks, cofferdams, and voids surrounding them.
LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) is primarily methane (CH4), with minor quantities of ethane (C2H6), and is rendered into liquid form for safe storage or transportation without requiring pressurized vessels. LNG is odorless, colorless, non-toxic, and non-corrosive.
The market offers a plethora of companies providing LNG ISO tanks at competitive rates, facilitating an effective means to select an appropriate LNG ISO tank container from a list of reputable suppliers.
LNG ISO Tank Container Market OverviewNow that we comprehend the transport capabilities of LNG ISO tanks, let’s summarize the current state of the LNG ISO tank market:
- The global LNG ISO tank container market was valued at approximately USD 159.1 million in [insert year] and is projected to reach USD 264 million by [insert forecast year].
- Significant participants in the ISO tank container market consist of China International Marine Containers Co. Ltd, Nantong Tank Container Co. Ltd, CXIC Group Containers Co. Limited, and Singamas Container, among others.
- Europe represented the largest market region for ISO tank containers in [insert year], followed by North America.
For insights about the latest trends within the LNG ISO tank market, access this detailed report.
Understanding Different Types of ISO ContainersA variety of ISO tanks exist in the market, each designed for specific uses. How can you discern which is best for your requirements?
Fear not! Here’s a brief overview of common ISO tank types and the cargo they are intended to transport:
Type
Sizes
Cargo Type
Food Grade Tank
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Optimal for shipping/storing edible products, including beer, milk, and hot chocolate.
Silo Tank
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Utilized for the transport of powders or grains such as wheat, oats, and flour.
Swap Body Tank
20ft, 23ft, 24ft
An excellent choice for increased storage capacity for chemicals.
Reefer Tank
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Ideal for transporting temperature-sensitive liquids, powders, and gases.
Gas Tank
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Specially designed for handling industrial, medical, and natural gases, like liquefied petroleum gas and heliox.
Multi-Compartment Tank
20ft, 40ft
Suitable for transporting different categories of liquids, powders, and gases simultaneously.
LNG ISO Tank
20ft, 40ft, 45ft
Specify to transport liquefied natural gas (LNG), including methane and ethane.
Now, let’s examine the features of leading ISO tank performers:
Food-Grade Tank Container
Designed for transporting temperature-sensitive goods, such as milk, food-grade tanks are constructed from stainless steel with mineral wool insulation, allowing superior thermal insulation for prolonged temperature control.
Silo Tank Container
Silo tanks, resiliently built from high-grade steel, are perfect for shipping diverse grains and powders—from maize and flour to cement. These tanks feature a UV-stabilized outer coating to protect their contents from harsh weather conditions.
Swap Body Tank Container
Optimized for transporting both hazardous and non-hazardous liquids, including food-grade bulk cargo, swap body tanks can accommodate larger volumes (up to 35,000 liters) and withstand maximum cargo temperatures of +130°C.
LNG ISO Tank Container
These tanks typically function at pressures ranging from 100 psi to 10 Bar, ensuring safe transportation of LNG. Highlighted features also include high vacuum insulation, stacking capabilities of up to 9 units high, a complete set of decals, and various pipework options, offering superior versatility for users.
If any of these ISO tank types captivate your interest, visit xChange to discover your ideal ISO Tank at a price that suits you.
LNG ISO Tank Average PricingThe prices for LNG ISO tank containers can fluctuate based on variables such as the purchasing country, the destination, and the type of LNG ISO container selected. Below is a pricing snapshot for different LNG ISO tank containers:
Container Type
Average Price
20 ft LNG ISO Tank
USD 10,000
40 ft Cryogenic LNG ISO Tank
USD 50,000 – 52,000
10 ft Low-Pressure LNG ISO Tank
USD 8,000 – 42,000
40 ft LNG ISO Tank
USD 54,000 – 56,000
45ft LNG ISO Tank
USD 33,000
Curious about current average prices and leasing rates for LNG ISO tanks in your area? Click here to find out today.
Specifications of LNG ISO Tank TypesWe now understand that LNG ISO tank containers are the most efficient means for transporting liquefied natural gases. There are two main types of LNG ISO tanks prevalent in the shipping industry: cryogenic LNG tanks and standard 20ft and 40ft LNG ISO containers. Each type and size possesses distinct specifications tailored for their intended use.
Let's delve into the specifications of each:
Container
Type
Container Specification
(L x B x H/mm)
Loading Capacity
(in L)
Design Temperature
(ºC)
20 ft LNG ISO Container
[insert dimensions]
22,000 L
55
40 ft LNG ISO Container
[insert dimensions]
25,000 L
55
20 ft Standard Cryogenic LNG ISO
[insert dimensions]
20,200 L
55
Long-distance LNG transportation is feasible using cryogenic ISO tank containers, enabling more cost-effective fuel supply to end-users located further from LNG sources. A 20ft cryogenic LNG ISO container typically offers storage of 22,000 liters with a starting working pressure of 17 BARG.
Likewise, various 40ft LNG ISO containers may have different specifications, with each serving unique purposes. For example, a 40ft cryogenic LNG ISO container can provide a substantial 45,000 liters of capacity, accommodating payloads up to 36,000 kg. The working pressures of 40ft standard containers range from 10 BARG to 22 BARG—both with and without pump options.
With specifications covered, let’s shift our focus to the safety considerations surrounding LNG ISO tank containers.
Safety Considerations for LNG ISO Tank ContainersDue to the highly flammable nature of LNG, special precautions must be taken during handling. Here are some vital safety guidelines when shipping LNG:
- While handling natural gas, it is possible for gas to permeate clothing. Therefore, avoid smoking near the tank, particularly during filling and discharging operations.
- In the event of a leak, eliminate ignition sources and cease gas flow. Additionally, stop the leak point and electrical systems, ensuring sufficient ventilation.
- Avoid sealing any vessel that houses liquefied gas. Sealing can lead to gas vaporization and pressure surges, potentially resulting in harm and damage.
For more insight regarding common safety issues in LNG ISO tank shipping and their mitigations, refer to this study for a deeper understanding.
Lease, Buy, and Sell Tank Containers on xChange Without CommissionThe time has come! You’ve determined that an ISO tank meets your needs. However, how can you locate one? Finding ISO tanks, particularly LNG ISO tanks, can be a challenging and frustrating task due to their limited availability.
Fortunately, we have a solution.
With our tank leasing and trading marketplace, you can easily find diverse types of ISO tanks in + locations. If you're interested in buying, leasing, or selling standard and special containers, xChange is your resource.
Simply log into your Container xChange account and navigate to the trading/leasing dashboard. Enter the type of container you need and specify the desired location, then click search to unveil the possibilities.
Membership in xChange comes with a plethora of benefits, including:
100% transparency on market prices and the entire leasing or purchasing process.
Access to a wide array of containers tailored to your specifications across + global locations.
Connections with + verified members globally, including leading industry players such as Seaco Global, Trident, and Kuehne+Nagel.
Simplified and secure payment processing via the xChange wallet.
Real-time container tracking capabilities.
Are you eager to relieve the stress of locating ISO tanks and facilitate buying or leasing tanks free of commission? Click the banner below to engage with our expert team. They’ll lead you through the entire purchasing or leasing journey while showcasing the marketplace’s functionality.
LNG Tank Container FAQs Are LNG tanks pressurized?Yes, LNG tanks are under pressure. The standard maximum working pressure for an LNG ISO tank is 250 PSIG or lower, with the product stored at levels from 50-120 PSIG.
What is a rollover in LNG tanks?A rollover in LNG tanks occurs when vapors from an LNG tank are released rapidly due to stratification.
For additional information, please visit Gas Equipment.
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