How to Choose Types of Compressor Used in Chiller?
To understand the factors that influence the selection of compressor types used in chillers, it's important to start with some key insights. According to recent Google search results, when selecting the appropriate type of compressor for a chiller, considerations such as efficiency, capacity, reliability, and application specifics must be taken into account. Understanding the fundamental components and operations of chillers can aid in making informed decisions based on these parameters.
Chiller Compressor Types
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In this section, we will explore the primary types of refrigerant compressors found in chillers. The four prevalent types include centrifugal, screw, scroll, and reciprocating compressors.
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We will examine real-world examples of these compressors in plant rooms for better recognition and discuss the operational mechanics for each type.
Centrifugal Compressor
The centrifugal compressor is easily identifiable, typically positioned above the chiller, featuring a distinctive volute-shaped pipe that curls into the condenser. The refrigerant enters through the suction line, where it strikes the impeller's center and is directed by the rotating blades. This action increases the refrigerant's angular velocity, causing it to exit at high speed into the volute, subsequently raising its pressure before proceeding to the condenser. This setup is standard in large building central plants.
Turbocor Compressor
An evolution of the centrifugal type, the Turbocor compressor is significantly more compact and is also mounted atop chillers. It incorporates two-stage compressors, enhancing efficiency. The refrigerant enters the compressor, passes through the two integrated compressors, and exits towards the condenser. These units often feature magnetic bearings and electronic motors, increasing their overall effectiveness and popularity in modern applications.
Screw Compressors
Utilized in both water-cooled and air-cooled chillers, screw compressors have distinct placements: on top for the water-cooled variety and beneath for air-cooled configurations. The compressor consists of two interlocking screws that draw refrigerant from the evaporator. As the screws turn, they compress the refrigerant, which then exits under high pressure to flow towards the expansion valve. Image examples of air-cooled chillers often feature 1-2 screw compressors functioning in parallel, with some designs allowing staged operation.
Scroll Compressors
Scroll compressors are predominantly employed in air-cooled chillers, although they occasionally appear in water-cooled models. Typically, one compressor does not suffice to meet cooling demands, so several compressors are assembled into a bank configuration. These compressors work by compressing the refrigerant between two spiral plates—one stationary and one rotating—resulting in increased pressure before the refrigerant is sent to the expansion valve.
Reciprocating Compressors
Reciprocating compressors are falling out of favor due to advances in more efficient technologies, though they remain prevalent in industrial refrigeration. They are renowned for their durability and reliability but possess many moving components, which may lead to higher operational costs. In a typical operation, refrigerant first cools the motor before entering the compression chamber, where pistons compress the refrigerant and discharge it at high pressure.
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Understanding Different Types of Compressors
If you are navigating the industrial chiller market, you might have noticed the various compressor types that different chiller units utilize. Gaining familiarity with these different compressors will not only enhance your understanding of the units but also assist you with maintenance and troubleshooting strategies.
Compressors are essential to the chiller system, drawing in low-pressure refrigerant vapor from the evaporator and converting it into high-pressure gas, which then travels to the condenser. Post-cooling, the refrigerant proceeds to the expansion device before entering the evaporator, where it performs its chilling function. Without an operational compressor, the refrigerant cycle cannot proceed.
Chase Chillers feature four types of positive displacement compressors: reciprocating, rotary vane, scroll, and screw. Each compressor type correlates with the size and capacity of the chiller. Here is a deeper look at these compressor types.
Reciprocating Compressors
Reciprocating compressors work utilizing a piston and cylinder to pressurize incoming refrigerant. As the piston glides down, refrigerant enters the cylinder; the piston then ascends, compressing the refrigerant before sending it to the condenser. Valves prevent backflow. These compressors tend to be cost-effective for smaller applications, like QBS and some QBE models.
Rotary Vane Compressors
Rotary vane compressors are generally quieter than other options, utilizing blades attached to a core rotor positioned off-center within the cylinder. When the rotor spins, the refrigerant is pushed into smaller areas of the cylinder for compression before exiting into the system. Typically, these compressors operate singularly within industrial chillers, featured in certain QBE models and the smallest CWT model.
Scroll Compressors
The scroll compressor is the most prevalent in industrial chillers, capable of managing larger loads effectively. Used in larger units like CWB, CWE & CWT, these compressors operate by compressing refrigerant between two spiral plates—one stationary and another orbiting. As the spirals shift, they efficiently push the refrigerant towards the outlet, making them reliable and efficient due to fewer moving components.
Screw Compressors
Rotary screw compressors feature two interlocking helical rotors within a casing. As they rotate, gas is channeled from the suction end to the discharge end. The space between the rotors and the casing gradually narrows, increasing gas pressure. These compressors' design permits flexible cooling outputs and they are found in the largest chiller models, such as in the CWV series.
Each compressor type presents unique benefits and constraints, influencing their applications within different systems. To ensure you select the most suitable unit for your needs, consulting with a cooling expert is recommended. Our experience and expertise are at your service, regardless of your progression in the buying process.
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