Top 6 Fire-resistant Building Materials | HowStuffWorks

"" Constructing buildings in a way that causes fire to escalate slowly can allow occupants more valuable time to escape, so the materials used in construction are key.

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Residential fires kill nearly 4,000 people per year in the United States alone [source: FEMA]. And most fatal fires occur when people are asleep in their homes, as smoke can lull a person into a deep slumber [source: FEMA]. Ever wonder how your walls would protect you? While no practical building material is truly fireproof, well-constructed houses and buildings can help prevent such tragedies by using materials that are relatively fire-resistant.

Consequently, it's not a question of whether a fire can damage a structure, but a question of when. It simply takes longer for fire to affect fire-resistant materials. The key is to construct a building in which a fire would take effect slowly, allowing the occupants plenty of time to escape, and emergency responders time to arrive on the scene. This is also why materials themselves are rated in respect to how long it would take fire to affect their structural abilities. Even heavy timber can be considered fire-resistant. It's combustible, however, while metals like aluminum or steel aren't combustible &#; instead, they tend to buckle under intense heat. We'll explore some of the best building materials for preventing and impeding a raging fire.

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Your roof is one of the most vulnerable areas of your home! Due to its large surface area, your roof is more susceptible to embers and flame.

How is a roof vulnerable?

• Combustible roof coverings such as a non-fire-retardant treated wood shake or shingle roof. California requires roof coverings and assemblies to be

  Class A-rated

  . Common Class A roof coverings include asphalt shingles, tile or cement shingles, or metal panels.

• Gaps or openings in your roof assembly that have degraded exposing unprotected roof components.

• Debris accumulation on your roof, especially when located next to vulnerable areas such as combustible wall intersections.

What to do about a roof

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• Keep your roof clear of debris and vegetation.

• Fill in gaps between the roof covering and the sheathing to prevent the intrusion of embers and flame.

• When it is time to replace your roof, install a Class

  A-rated

  roof covering such as asphalt fiberglass composition shingles.

• Replace combustible siding at roof-to-wall intersections with noncombustible siding.

How are roof attachments vulnerable?

• Debris accumulation around roof attachments.

• Gaps or penetrations in the roof covering from the installation of a roof attachment like a solar panel.

What to do about roof attachments

• Check periodically and keep areas around roof attachments free of debris.

• Ensure that roof attachments have enough space underneath them so that debris does not accumulate.

• Ensure openable skylights have a noncombustible metal mesh screen not exceeding 1/8 inch and have multipaned glazing with one layer of tempered glass.

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  Install metal flashing around exposed wood frame skylights.