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Type of sports venue

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This article is about the sports venue. For other uses, see Tennis court (disambiguation)

Indoor tennis courts at the University of Bath, England

A tennis court is the venue where the sport of tennis is played. It is a firm rectangular surface with a low net stretched across the centre. The same surface can be used to play both doubles and singles matches. A variety of surfaces can be used to create a tennis court, each with its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game.

Dimensions

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The dimensions of a tennis court.

The dimensions of a tennis court are defined and regulated by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) governing body and are written down in the annual 'Rules of Tennis' document.[1] The court is 78 ft (23.77 m) long. Its width is 27 ft (8.23 m) for singles matches and 36 ft (10.97 m) for doubles matches.[2] The service line is 21 ft (6.40 m) from the net.[2] Additional clear space around the court is needed in order for players to reach overrun balls for a total of 60 ft (18 m) wide and 120 ft (37 m) long. A net is stretched across the full width of the court, parallel with the baselines, dividing it into two equal ends. The net is 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m) high at the posts, and 3 ft (0.914 m) high in the center.[3] The net posts are 3 ft (0.914 m) outside the doubles court on each side or, for a singles net, 3 ft (0.914 m) outside the singles court on each side.

Based on the standard rules of tennis, the size of the court is measured to the outside of the respective baselines and sidelines. The "service" lines ("T" and the "service" line) are centered. The ball must completely miss the line to be considered "out". This also means that the width of the line (except for the center service line) is irrelevant to play. The center service line is 2 in (5 cm), the other lines are between 1 and 2 in (3 and 5 cm) wide, whereas the baseline may be up to 4 in (10 cm) wide.[1]

Smaller courts

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The ITF's Play and Stay campaign promotes playing on smaller courts with slower red, orange, and green balls for younger children. This gives children more time and control so they can serve, rally, and score from the first lesson on courts that are sized to fit their bodies. The ITF has mandated that official competition for children aged 10 years and under should be played on "Orange" courts 18 m (59 ft) long by 6.4 m (21 ft) wide. Competition for children under 8 years is played on "Red" courts that are 11 m (36 ft) long and 5.5 m (18 ft) wide. The net is always 0.8 m high in the center.[4]

Surfaces

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Tennis court in Petäjävesi, Finland

Tennis is played on a variety of surfaces and each surface has its own characteristics which affect the playing style of the game. There are four main types of courts depending on the materials used for the court surface: clay courts, hard courts, grass courts and carpet courts. The International Tennis Federation (ITF) lists different surfaces and properties and classifies surfaces into one of five pace settings:[5]

• Category 1 (slow)
• Category 2 (medium-slow)
• Category 3 (medium)
• Category 4 (medium-fast)
• Category 5 (fast)

Of the current four Grand Slam tournaments, the Australian and US Open use hard courts, the French Open is played on clay, and Wimbledon, the only Grand Slam to have always been played on the same surface, is played on grass. The Australian Open switched from grass to hard courts in and in its early years the French championship alternated between clay and sand/rubble courts. The US Open is the only major to have been played on three surfaces; it was played on grass from its inception until , clay from until and hard courts since it moved from the West Side Tennis Club to the National Tennis Center in .

ITF uses the following classification for tennis court surface types:[6]

Surface code Type Description A Acrylic Textured, pigmented, resin-bound coating B Artificial clay Synthetic surface with the appearance of clay C Artificial grass Synthetic surface with the appearance of natural grass D Asphalt Bitumen-bound aggregate E Carpet Textile or polymeric material supplied in rolls or sheets of finished product F Clay Unbound mineral aggregate G Concrete Cement-bound aggregate H Grass Natural grass grown from seed J Other E.g. modular systems (tiles), wood, canvas

Clay courts

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The French Open is played on clay courts.

Clay courts are made of crushed shale, stone or brick.[7] The French Open is the only Grand Slam tournament to use clay courts.

Clay courts slow down the ball and produce a high bounce in comparison to grass or hard courts.[7] For this reason, the clay court takes away many of the advantages of big serves, which makes it hard for serve-based players to dominate on the surface. Clay courts are cheaper to construct than other types of tennis courts, but a clay surface costs more to maintain. Clay courts need to be rolled to preserve flatness. The clay's water content must be balanced; green clay courts generally require the courts to be sloped to allow water run-off.

Clay courts are more common in Europe and Latin America than in North America, and tend to heavily favor baseline players.

Historically for the Grand Slams clay courts have been used at the French Open since and the US Open from to .

Grass courts

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Grass court maintenance at Wimbledon

Grass courts are the fastest type of courts in common use.[7] They consist of grass grown on very hard-packed soil, which adds additional variables: bounces depend on how healthy the grass is, how recently it has been mowed, and the wear and tear of recent play.[8] Points are usually very quick where fast, low bounces keep rallies short, and the serve plays a more important role than on other surfaces. Grass courts tend to favour serve-and-volley tennis players.

Grass courts were once among the most common tennis surfaces, but are now rare due to high maintenance costs, as they must be watered and mown often, and take a longer time to dry after rain than hard courts.

Historically for the Grand Slams grass courts have been used at Wimbledon since , the US Open from to , and the Australian Open from to .

Hard courts

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Rooftop tennis hardcourts in Downtown Singapore

Hard courts are made of uniform rigid material, often covered with an acrylic surface layer[7] to offer greater consistency of bounce than other outdoor surfaces.[9] Hard courts can vary in speed, though they are faster than clay but not as fast as grass courts. The quantity of sand added to the paint can greatly affect the rate at which the ball slows down.[10]

The US Open is played on Laykold while the Australian Open is played on GreenSet, both acrylic-topped hard court surfaces.

Historically for the Grand Slams hard courts have been used at the US Open since and the Australian Open since .

Carpet courts

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Artificial turf tennis courts in Nicosia, Cyprus

"Carpet" in tennis means any removable court covering.[7] Indoor arenas store rolls of rubber-backed court surfacing and install it temporarily for tennis events, but they are not in use any more for professional events. A short piled form of artificial turf infilled with sand is used for some outdoor courts, particularly in Asia. Carpet is generally a fast surface, faster than hardcourt, with low bounce.[7]

Notable tennis tournaments previously held on carpet courts were the WCT Finals, Paris Masters, U.S. Pro Indoor and Kremlin Cup. Since , their use has been discontinued on the top tier of the ATP. ATP Challenger Tour tournaments such as the Trofeo Città di Brescia still use carpet courts. The WTA Tour's last carpet court event, the International-level Tournoi de Québec, was discontinued after .

Indoor courts

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Some tennis courts are indoors, which allows play regardless of weather conditions and is more comfortable for spectators.

Different court surfaces have been used indoors. Hard courts are most common indoors, as they are the easiest to install and maintain. If the installation is permanent, they are constructed on an asphalt or concrete base, as with outdoor courts. Temporary indoor hard courts are typically constructed using wooden floor panels topped with acrylic which are installed over the venue's standard floor. This is the system used for modern indoor professional events such as the ATP Finals.

Clay courts can be installed indoors with subsurface watering systems to keep the clay from drying out, and have been used for Davis Cup matches.

Carpet courts were once the most prominent of indoor surfaces, especially in temporary venues, but have largely been replaced by removable hard courts. They were used on both the ATP World Tour and World Championship Tennis circuits, though no events currently use them.

Historically, other surfaces have been used indoors such as wood courts at the defunct World Covered Court Championships and London Indoor Professional Championships.

The conclusion of the Wimbledon Championships, in , was played on the lawn of Centre Court under the closed roof and artificial lights; the Halle Open has also seen a number of matches played on its grass court in the Gerry Weber Stadion with the roof closed. These, however, are outdoor venues with retractable roofs.

Terminology

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Common tennis court terms:

• Advantage service box or ad court: The receiver's left side service box, or the opponent's right for the server; significant as the receiving side for an advantage point.
• Alley or Tramlines:

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  The lanes on each side of the singles court. These are only used when playing doubles.
• Back court: The area between the baseline and the service line.
• Baseline: The rearmost line of the court, furthest from and parallel to the net.
• Center service line: The line dividing the two service boxes on each side.
• Center mark: The 4-inch mark at the halfway point of the baseline used to distinguish the two halves (and service boxes) of a tennis court.
• Deuce service box or deuce court: The receiver's right side service box, or the opponent's left for the server, significant as the receiving side for a deuce point.
• Service box: The area on each side bounded by the singles sideline, the service line, and the net. There are left and right service boxes, separated by the center service line.
• Service line: The line that is parallel to the net and is located between the baseline and the net. It marks the end of the service boxes.
• Side T: The T shape formed by the service line and the singles sideline. There are four such side Ts, two on each side of the net.
• T or Middle T: The T shape formed by the service line and the center service line.

See also

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References

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Racket sport

"Padel tennis" redirects here. Not to be confused with Paddle tennis

Padel (Spanish: pádel), also sometimes called padel tennis, is a racket sport of Mexican origin, typically played in doubles on an enclosed court slightly smaller than a doubles tennis court.[1][2] Although padel shares the same scoring system as tennis, the rules, strokes, and technique are different. The balls used are similar but with a little less pressure. The main differences are that the court has walls and the balls can be played off them in a similar way as in the game of squash and that solid, stringless bats are used. The height of the ball being served must be at or below the waist level.

As of , according to the International Padel Federation (FIP) there are more than 25 million active players in more than 90 countries.[a][4] Padel is worth about &#;2bn a year and growing fast.[5]

The Padel World Championship is held every second year since , with Argentina or Spain reaching the final in every competition.

History

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The sport is thought to have been invented in Acapulco,[6] Mexico, by Enrique Corcuera in ,[7] after he modified his squash court to incorporate elements of platform tennis.[8] Initially, the walls and the surface were concrete. Spectators could not watch the game. Over time, glass walls and artificial turf replaced concrete.[9]

Many well-known professional padel players have previously competed in tennis, including former WTA Tour players Roberta Vinci and Lara Arruabarrena.[citation needed]

Padel remained a niche sport for decades but its popularity soared during the COVID-19 pandemic as it could be played outdoors and didn't involve physical contact.[10][3]

Padel was included in the European Games.[4] The International Padel Federation (FIP) wants to have 75 national federations for padel to become an Olympic sport for the Summer Olympics.[5][4][10]

Three padel courts can fit in one tennis court so many tennis clubs are converting tennis courts to padel courts as it is more profitable for business owners.[11][10][12][3] In the U.S., padel courts cost between $60,000 and $80,000 to build.[9]

In , Deloitte projected the number of padel courts to potentially reach 84,000 by .[4]

Rules

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Padel court dimensions

• Players: Doubles is the most common format, using a 10 by 20 metre court (32' 10" by 65' 7"). Singles uses a 6 by 20 metre (19' 8" by 65' 7") court instead.
• Serves: Serves are always underarm and hit below waist level. Balls that hit the walls around the court after bouncing on the ground are still in play.
• Balls: Padel balls are required in official matches; these are similar to tennis balls but are slightly smaller. Padel is usually played casually with regular tennis balls.
• Rackets: Padel rackets are made of a composite material without strings. The hitting surface is perforated. The racket is similar to the one used in platform tennis but has its own specifications.
• Court: The court has a floor made of concrete, plastic or artificial grass. It is designed similarly to a tennis court, only smaller&#;&#;&#;measuring 10×20 m, with a 0.88m (34.6 inch) high net in the middle. The court is surrounded by 4 metre high walls made of glass or brick, or a fence when outside.

Scoring

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Padel follows the same scoring as the tennis scoring system with the following exception:

• In the season, the World Padel Tour introduced the "Gold Point" or "Golden Point", a new scoring method for the main tournaments (Master Final, Master, Open and Challenger) organised by the Tour.

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  This method of scoring has been widely adopted throughout non-professional tournaments as well.
  • The golden point in padel:
    • The golden point occurs when the score reaches deuce during any game.
    • The receiving team chooses whether the service will come from the right or left of the court.
    • The team that wins that one single point will win the game.

Court

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Contact us to discuss your requirements of padel tennis court news. Our experienced sales team can help you identify the options that best suit your needs.

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Padel area at ISPO

The padel rules state that the playing field should be a rectangle 10 metres (32 ft 10 in) wide (back wall) and 20 metres (65 ft 7 in) long (side wall) (with a 0.5% tolerance), enclosed by walls. At the middle of the playing field there will be a net dividing the court in two, the net has a maximum height of 88 cm in the centre raising to 92 centimetres (36 in) at sides (with a 5-millimetre (1&#;5 in) tolerance).

The superstructure is made from connecting 3m high x 2m wide panels, with an additional 1m mesh height over the glass back walls (10m walls). This additional 1m height is continued for 2m from each corner over the side walls also. This means that the back walls and service corners are actually 4m in height, with the remaining side walls are 3m in height.

Glass panels make up the back walls and service side walls (closest 2 side panels to back walls), whilst metal mesh panels occupy the sides.[16]

The service lines are placed 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) before the back wall and there will be also another line in middle that divides the central rectangle in half. All lines have a 5-centimetre (2 in) width and should be clearly visible.

The minimum height between the playing field and an obstacle (e.g. the ceiling) is 6 metres (19 ft 8 in).

Style

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Padel tennis distinguishes itself not only through its gameplay but also through its unique style and atmosphere. Emerging from a blend of traditional tennis and squash, Padel offers a more relaxed and social environment compared to other racket sports. Unlike the formality often associated with tennis, Padel is characterised by its laid-back atmosphere, where players frequently enjoy casual wear and the presence of music on the courts. This casual ambiance contributes to the sport's growing popularity, attracting players of all ages and skill levels. The fast-paced nature of Padel, combined with its shorter court dimensions and the use of walls, fosters exciting and engaging gameplay, characterised by lengthy rallies and spirited crowd participation. The sport's allure lies not only in its accessibility but also in its ability to provide a fun and lively experience for players and spectators alike.[17]

Adoption

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Europe

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The Padel Pro Tour (PPT)[18] was the professional padel circuit created in as a result of the agreement between a group of organisers of padel matches and the Association of Professional Players of Padel (AJPP) and the Spanish Feminine Association of Pádel (AFEP).

In the World Padel Tour [es] (WPT) was founded by Spanish brewery Estrella Damm with the approval of the AJPP, whereas the PPT was shut down.[19][20] The WPT was based in Spain but also included tournaments in other European countries as well as Argentina, Brazil and the United Arab Emirates.

In the Premier Padel was founded in a partnership between the FIP and Qatar Sports Investments. In August it acquired the rival World Padel Tour to create a new global circuit, starting in .[5]

Despite padel's origins in Spanish-speaking countries, the number of padel players and clubs in the northern part of Europe is growing. Sweden is the country with the second highest number of searches for the term "padel" in Google after Spain, according to the report presented by Playtomic and Monitor Deloitte. And while countries such as Finland, Denmark, the Netherlands and Norway mainly opt for building indoor padel clubs because of their climatic conditions, Belgium, Italy, France and Germany prefer outdoor courts.

In Spain, Sweden and Portugal there are more people playing padel than tennis.[21]

Spain

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Padel is the second most popular participation sport in Spain behind football. As of , there were five million players in Spain and more than 20,000 courts.[10][22]

In October , the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) invested in Hexagon Cup, a Madrid-based padel competition involve six franchise teams owned by celebrities.[12]

Sweden

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The Swedish Padel Association (Svenska Padelförbundet) was included as a member of the Swedish Sports Confederation in .[23] The number of courts in Sweden grew from 560 in to more than 4,000 in , exceeding demand at some point.[4][24] From August to August , over 120 Swedish padel courts have gone bankrupt as the fad has ended, according to the SVT news.

UK

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The sport's popularity along the Costa del Sol in southern Spain and the Algarve in southern Portugal has exposed it to a large number of British visitors, leading to an increased popularity of the sport in the UK and a launch of the UK Padel Federation in .[25] Padel is competing with tennis and squash, whose popularity is declining.[10]

As of , there were 210 courts in the UK, four times more than in .[26]

As of , according to the Lawn Tennis Association, there were 90,000 padel players in the country, compared with 915,000 tennis players.[4] The Lawn Tennis Association expects 400 courts in the UK by .[26]

North America

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The US Padel Association[27] was founded in Chattanooga, Tennessee in , and opened two courts in the Chattanooga area. The American Padel Association was formed in and built its first courts at a private club in Houston, Texas for exhibition games.[citation needed]

As of , there were 180 padel courts in the US,[4] and according to The Padel State, there are now padel clubs or courts in at least 20 U.S. states.[28] The A1 Padel tour is based in the US.[4] The US Padel Association forecasts 30,000 courts in the US by .[12]

Asia

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Southeast Asia

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In , the Swiss Club in Singapore opened the first padel court in Singapore.[29]

Since -23, The Indonesian tourist island of Bali has become a padel hotspot. Jungle Padel is one of Bali's earliest and leading padel clubs with branches in Canggu and Ubud. Padel is popular for both long-term residents and increasingly among short-term visitors.

Middle East

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In Gulf countries, the number of courts soared from 20 in to 1,850 in , mostly in the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Qatar and Oman.[4]

Oceania

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Uptake of padel in Oceania has been limited. It was not until January, that the first padel courts in Oceania were opened in Sydney.[30]

Australia

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As of late- there were just seven registered padel clubs in Australia, with two in Sydney, two in Melbourne, one in Perth, one on the Gold Coast, and one in the regional town of Albury, with a combined total of 25 courts.[31] The governing body is Padel Australia.[32]

Padel has also been supported by Tennis Australia which aims to grow its popularity. At the Australian Open Tennis Grand Slam tournament a pop-up padel court was erected for public access and exhibition games, while in the first "Australian Padel Open" was held alongside the Australian Open tennis near to the tennis centre court at Rod Laver Arena.[33]

New Zealand

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The first padel club in New Zealand was opened in October, , with a single court in Auckland at a suburban sporting and tennis club.[34] A court at a second club in Auckland was also under construction, with plans for courts in other cities.[35] A national governing body, Padel New Zealand, was also established, with plans to run national and international competitions.[34]

Africa

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The first padel courts in South Africa opened in late in the Western Cape.[36] As of this had grown to around 400 courts nationwide.[37]

Padel vocabulary

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Most of the padel vocabulary comes from Spain due to the popularity in the country. However, with rapid growth in the Middle East and Africa, more and more words are being added to the padel vocabulary:[38]

• Bandeja

  : An overhand shot hit with spin rather than power, taken out of the air without letting the ball bounce.

• Víbora

  : Similar to the

  bandeja

  but hit with more power and spin, typically diagonally down.

• Bajada

  : When a ball takes a high bounce off the wall and is brought down with an overhand hit.

• Chiquita

  : Similar to a drop shot.

• Salida

  ('exit'): A player running off the court to save a ball that has bounced off the wall and out of the 20 by 10 court.

• Cadete

  : A behind-the-back shot.

• Boast

  : A shot hit against the rear or side wall.

See also

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Notes

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References

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Sources

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For more information, please visit Contact FORTUNE Padel Courts Supplier.