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Rare gases

Oct. 07, 2024

Rare gases

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Despite their high price tags, demand for these rare gases is rising rapidly since numerous industries &#; ranging from electronics and glass fibre through lighting to automotive and aerospace &#; are increasingly harnessing the benefits of noble gases. Similar to oxygen and nitrogen, the rare gases xenon, neon and krypton are also obtained from air using cryogenic separation and purification. For several years now, Linde has been meeting rising demand for these gases by developing innovative plant concepts that boost the capture of rare gases from secondary streams in major air separation plants. 

Neon

Getting the mix right for medical applications.

Getting the mix right for medical applications.

Best known for its fluorescent capabilities, the noble gas neon (Ne) also plays a key role in ophthalmology. A mixture of neon, fluorine and argon is used during operations on corneas, for example, to correct eyesight via a laser beam. 

A mixture of neon, fluorine, argon and helium gases is used in today&#;s standard cold laser treatments such as excimer lasing. Many of the fluorine, argon and neon gas mixtures produced by Linde go to manufacturers of these kinds of eye laser devices. Excimer lasers, however, are not limited to medical applications. They are also deployed in the electronics industry, for example, in microlithography processes for electronic circuits. Excimer lasers are also used to manufacture mobile displays and drill microscopic holes in the nozzles of inkjet printers.

Krypton

Optimised energy balance in modern buildings.

Optimised energy balance in modern buildings.

Krypton (Kr) is a key success factor in energy-saving windows. It is used as a filler gas between insulated glass panes as its low thermal conductivity increases the effectiveness of insulation. 40% or more of all krypton produced worldwide is used for this purpose. 

As with xenon, krypton is also becoming an increasingly important gas in the lighting sector. The car industry, for example, now offers headlights that work with krypton. This rare gas is also used as a filler gas in halogen bulbs, energy-saving bulbs and gas discharge tubes in illuminated billboards. Replacing nitrogen/argon with krypton in halogen energy-saving lamps and fluorescent lamps increases bulb life and produces more effective lighting.

Krypton is also used as sputter gas (ionised form) in the physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique to create thin metallic surface film on materials. This sputter deposition application is used to coat various materials with a thin film on semiconductor devices, glass and food packing materials (eg aluminised PET film for snack bags). Inert argon or xenon can also be used as sputtering gases.

Xenon

Dazzling solutions for the electronics sector.

Dazzling solutions for the electronics sector.

The extremely rare noble gas xenon (Xe) only accounts for 0.% of air. It is only used where lighter noble gases are not effective. This includes applications such as plasma screens and semiconductors as well as car headlights, camera flashes and anaesthetics. 

The growing popularity of xenon headlights in cars coupled with regulations mandating energy-saving bulbs has sent demand for this gas skyrocketing. Brightness is not the only reason behind the automobile industry&#;s move to xenon lights. Lower energy and fuel consumption was an equally appealing factor. Xenon bulbs can also be used in cinema projectors, light projectors and camera flashes. Xenon accounts for at least 5% of the gas mixture in plasma screens. It is used with neon to fill the many small cells between two glass plates. Every pixel is made up of three of these cells. To create a colour image, each cell is individually charged using a transistor, causing the gas to temporarily ionise and form plasma. 

Xenon is also used in the aerospace industry for ion thrust propulsion, a technology that utilises ion beams to propel space rockets. Put simply, an ion beam is generated by initially ionising xenon and then using an electrical or magnetic field to accelerate the ions. 

Rare gases

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The rare gases family is composed of Helium, Argon, Neon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These gases have considerable chemical inertia which is why they are sometimes called noble gases or inert gases. While present in minimal quantities in the atmosphere, these gases cannot be generated indefinitely. However, with the exception of radon, they find various applications in industries such as electronics, aerospace, metallurgy and more. To delve further into this topic, let&#;s explore these applications in more detail!

Helium

Helium is an inert gas with low solubility in liquids, commonly used as a pressurization gas for cryogenic rockets and missiles, heavy water for nuclear reactors and all liquids at room or low temperatures.

It&#;s present in small quantities in the atmosphere and used as a constituent in neutral atmospheres such as in heat treatment applications. Many other applications exist for helium.

Argon

Argon, the third rare gas, is both colorless and odorless. Air contains approximately 0.93% of argon.

As you may know, it&#;s a common carrier gas in gas chromatography. It&#;s used as a carrier gas in sputtering, plasma etching and ion implantations. Argon also finds widespread use as a shielding gas in arc welding, whether employed in its pure form or as part of a gas mixture. Additionally, it&#;s a preferred choice for Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy, and is used in the iron and steel industry to prevent from oxidation. These are just some of the many applications of argon.

Neon

Despite being the fourth most abundant gas in the universe, Neon is scarce in the atmosphere. Obtained from air separation plants, its only economically viable to recover neon from larger plants due to its very low natural concentration in air.

Thanks to its distinctive properties, neon enables various applications. It&#;s used as a filling gas in spark chamber particle detectors, fluorescent lamps, Geiger tubes and more. Neon is also used as a carrier gas in chromatography for special applications.

Krypton

Colorless and odorless, krypton is found in low concentrations in the atmosphere (1 ppm), similar to neon or helium. Like neon, it&#;s only economically viable to recover krypton from larger air separation plants.

Krypton is used in various research programmes, certain ion lasers and incandescent lamps. Moreover, it&#;s employed to obtain X-ray pictures and in discharge type electronic tubes as a triggering agent.

Xenon

Xenon, the rarest and most expensive rare gas, has a concentration of 0.08 ppm in the atmosphere. Obtained from air separation plants, xenon is found in ion and excimer lasers which are used for medical, semiconductor and industrial applications.

But its major application is in the lighting industry, including incandescent lamps, car headlights, arc lights and flash bulbs. Also, neon has been used by NASA spacecraft as rocket fuel. Like krypton, it can be used to insulate double-glazed windows for better thermal performance.

As mentioned, rare gases have applications in a variety of industries.

In this context, we are striving to meet applications needs by providing a total analytical solution. If you have any queries, please do not hesitate to contact us!

The company is the world’s best heptafluoropropane gas solution supplier. We are your one-stop shop for all needs. Our staff are highly-specialized and will help you find the product you need.

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